🐍 M3-R5: Programming and Problem Solving Through Python – Practical Notes

This module introduces the fundamentals of programming using Python. It emphasizes problem-solving techniques, algorithm development, flow of control, and working with functions, lists, strings, files, etc.

📖 Module Overview

Topic	Skills Covered
Python Basics	Variables, data types, I/O
Control Flow	Conditional statements, loops
Functions and Recursion	Custom and built-in functions
Data Structures	Lists, tuples, dictionaries
File Handling	Reading/writing files
Problem Solving Techniques	Logic, flowcharts, pseudo code
Introduction to NumPy	Arrays, vectorized operations, basic numerical computing

🧪 Practical Questions

Number Operations

Check whether a number is even or odd

Concepts used: conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
    print(num, "is even")
else:
    print(num, "is odd")

Check whether a number is buzz or not

A buzz number is a number that is either divisible by 7 or ends with 7. For example, 7, 17, and 28 are buzz numbers.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 7 == 0 or num % 10 == 7:
    print(num, "is a buzz number")
else:
    print(num, "is not a buzz number")

Check whether a number is prime or not

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals, divisibility check

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 1:
    for i in range(2, num):
        if num % i == 0:
            print(num, "is not a prime number")
            break
    else:
        print(num, "is a prime number")
else:
    print(num, "is not a prime number")

Print the factors of a number

A factor of a number is an integer that divides the number without leaving a remainder. For example, factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Factors of", num, ":")
for i in range(1, num + 1):
    if num % i == 0:
        print(i, end=' ')

Print the sum of factors of a number

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum_of_factors = 0
for i in range(1, num + 1):
    if num % i == 0:
        sum_of_factors += i
print("Sum of factors of", num, "is", sum_of_factors)

Calculate the factorial of a number

Factorial of a number ( n ) is the product of all positive integers up to ( n ). For example, factorial of 5 is 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 .

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

Without recursion:

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
factorial = 1
for i in range(1, num + 1):
    factorial *= i
print("Factorial of", num, "is", factorial)

Using recursion:

def factorial(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorial(n-1)

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Factorial of", num, "is", factorial(num))

Printing Patterns

1. Star squar pattern

* * * *
* * * *
* * * *
* * * *

for i in range(4):
    for j in range(4):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

2.

# * * *
* # * *
* * # *
* * * #

for i in range(4):
    for j in range(4):
        if i == j:
            print('#', end=' ')
        else:
            print('*', end=' ')
    print()

Number Series

Print table of given number

Concepts used: Loops, multiplication

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("table of", num, ":")
for i in range(1, 11):
    print(num, "x", i, "=", num * i)

Print even and odd series up to a given number

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

Even numbers:-

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Even numbers up to", num, ":")
for i in range(0, num + 1, 2):
    print(i, end=' ')

Odd numbers:-

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Odd numbers up to", num, ":")
for i in range(1, num + 1, 2):
    print(i, end=' ')

Print Fibonacci series up to a given number

The Fibonacci series is a sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, usually starting with 0 and 1. For example, the series starts as 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc.

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
a, b = 0, 1
print("Fibonacci series up to", num, ":")
print(a, end=' ')
print(b, end=' ')
while a <= num:
    c = a + b
    print(c, end=' ')
    a = b
    b = c

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
a, b = 0, 1
print("Fibonacci series up to", num, ":")
print(a, end=' ')
print(b, end=' ')
while a <= num:
    print(a+b, end=' ')
    a, b = b, a + b

Print prime numbers up to a given number

Prime numbers are natural numbers greater than 1 that have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves. For example, the first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, etc. Concepts used: Loops, conditionals, prime checking

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Prime numbers up to", num, ":")
for n in range(2, num + 1):
    is_prime = True
    for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            is_prime = False
            break
    if is_prime:
        print(n, end=' ')

Special Number Checks

Check whether a number is Palindrome or not

A palindrome is a number that remains the same when its digits are reversed. For example, 121 and 12321 are palindromes. Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
temp = num
reverse = 0
while temp > 0:
    digit = temp % 10
    reverse = reverse * 10 + digit
    temp //= 10

if num == reverse:
    print(num, "is a palindrome.")
else:
    print(num, "is not a palindrome.")

Check whether a number is perfect or not

Perfect numbers are those that are equal to the sum of their proper divisors (excluding themselves). For example, 6, which has divisors 1, 2, and 3, and their sum is 6.

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum = 0

for i in range(1, num):
    if num % i == 0:
        sum += i

if sum == num:
    print(num, "is a perfect number.")
else:
    print(num, "is not a perfect number.")

Check whether a number is Armstrong or not

An Armstrong number (or narcissistic number) is a number that is equal to the sum of its own digits raised to the power of the number of digits. For example, 153 is an Armstrong number because (1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 = 153).

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum = 0
temp = num

while temp > 0:
    digit = temp % 10
    sum += digit ** 3
    temp //= 10

if num == sum:
    print(num, "is an Armstrong number.")
else:
    print(num, "is not an Armstrong number.")

Swap Variables

Swap two variables using a third variable

Concepts used: Variable assignment

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
temp = a
a = b
b = temp
print("After swapping: a =", a, ", b =", b)

Swap two variables without using a third variable

Concepts used: Arithmetic operations

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
a = a + b
b = a - b
a = a - b
print("After swapping: a =", a, ", b =", b)

String Operations

Count the number of vowels in a given string

Concepts used: Loops, conditionals, string manipulation

text = input("Enter a string: ")
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
count = 0

for char in text:
    if char in vowels:
        count += 1

print("Number of vowels:", count)

File Operations

Read a text file and count the number of words

Concepts used: File handling, string splitting

filename = input("Enter file name: ")

try:
    with open(filename, 'r') as file:
        content = file.read()
        words = content.split()
        print("Total number of words:", len(words))
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("File not found.")

⏭ Next: M4-R5 – Internet of Things and Its Applications

Return to Home Page